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CSE 8th Edition (Scientific Style & Format)

Free CSE Citation Generator

Generate free CSE citations instantly — paste a DOI, URL, ISBN, or search by topic. CiteMe searches 250M+ scholarly sources and formats Citation-Sequence, Citation-Name, or Name-Year references for biology and natural science papers. No signup required.

Standard for biology, natural sciences, and scientific publishing

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Real Scientific Databases

Search 250M+ works from OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, PubMed, and CrossRef. Every CSE citation links to real, verifiable scientific literature.

CSE 8th Edition Compliant

Automatically formatted according to Scientific Style and Format (CSE Manual, 8th edition). Proper author formatting, journal abbreviations, and punctuation.

All 3 Documentation Systems

Supports Citation-Sequence (C-S), Citation-Name (C-N), and Name-Year (N-Y) systems. Choose the format your instructor or journal requires.

Biology & Natural Sciences Focus

Built for biology, ecology, earth sciences, and scientific publishing. NLM journal abbreviations and proper scientific nomenclature handling.

CSE Citation Format: Three Documentation Systems

CSE offers three documentation systems. Each uses the same reference list format but differs in how sources are cited in-text and how the reference list is ordered.

Citation-Sequence (C-S) — Most Common

In-text: Numbered in order of first appearance (1, 2, 3...)

Reference list: Numbered in citation order

Example: 1. Smith JD, Johnson MR. Gene expression in tropical forests. J Mol Biol. 2024;412(3):234-251.

Citation-Name (C-N)

In-text: Numbered, but numbers correspond to alphabetical order

Reference list: Alphabetical by author, then numbered

Example: 1. Adams PL, Chen W. Marine biodiversity patterns. Ecology. 2024;105(1):45-62.

Name-Year (N-Y)

In-text: (Author Year) format, e.g. (Smith 2024)

Reference list: Alphabetical by author (no numbers)

Example: Smith JD, Johnson MR. 2024. Gene expression in tropical forests. J Mol Biol. 412(3):234-251.

CSE Citation Examples

Journal Article (Citation-Sequence)

1. Smith JD, Johnson MR. Gene expression patterns in tropical forest ecosystems. J Mol Biol. 2024;412(3):234-251.

In-text: (1) or superscript 1

Journal Article (Name-Year)

Smith JD, Johnson MR. 2024. Gene expression patterns in tropical forest ecosystems. J Mol Biol. 412(3):234-251.

In-text: (Smith and Johnson 2024)

Book

2. Williams AB. Molecular biology of the cell. 7th ed. New York (NY): Garland Science; 2023. 1465 p.

Website

3. National Institutes of Health. Stem cell research guidelines [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): NIH; 2024 [cited 2024 Jan 15]. Available from: https://www.nih.gov/stemcells

Article with Many Authors

4. Chen W, Garcia R, Lee S, Thompson K, Brown M, Davis P, Wilson J, Park H, Kim L, Anderson T, et al. Global patterns in marine biodiversity. Nature. 2024;615(7951):89-98.

List up to 10 authors, then "et al."

Examples formatted in CSE 8th Edition (Citation-Sequence unless noted)

CSE In-Text Citations by System

Citation-Sequence

Number in order of appearance:

...as shown in recent studies (1).
...multiple sources (1,3,5-7).

Citation-Name

Number by alphabetical order:

...as shown in recent studies (3).

Name-Year

Author-date in parentheses:

...as shown (Smith 2024).
...(Smith and Johnson 2024).

CSE vs APA: Quick Reference

FeatureCSE (8th Edition)APA (7th Edition)
In-text formatNumbers (C-S, C-N) or (Author Year)(Author, Year)
Reference list orderBy citation order (C-S), alphabetical (C-N, N-Y)Alphabetical by author
Used inBiology, ecology, natural sciencesPsychology, social sciences, education
Author formatLast name + initials, no periods (Smith JD)Last name, Initials. (Smith, J. D.)
Journal namesAbbreviated (NLM standard)Full journal name, italicized
Article titlesNot italicized, sentence caseNot italicized, sentence case

Not sure which to use? CSE is standard for biology and natural sciences. Try our APA generator

Cite by Source Type in CSE

Need help citing a specific source type? Choose from our specialized CSE citation guides.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CSE citation format?

CSE (Council of Science Editors) is a citation style defined in Scientific Style and Format, 8th edition. It is used primarily in biology, ecology, earth sciences, and other natural sciences. CSE offers three documentation systems: Citation-Sequence (C-S), Citation-Name (C-N), and Name-Year (N-Y).

What are the three CSE documentation systems?

Citation-Sequence (C-S) numbers references in order of first appearance, Citation-Name (C-N) numbers references alphabetically, and Name-Year (N-Y) uses author-date in-text citations like (Smith 2024). Your instructor or journal will specify which system to use.

Which CSE system is most commonly used?

Citation-Sequence is the most widely used system. Sources are numbered in the order they first appear in the text, and the reference list follows that same numerical order. Many biology journals default to this system.

How do I format author names in CSE?

In CSE, list authors as Last Name followed by initials without periods or commas between name parts. Example: Smith JD, not Smith, J.D. or Smith J. D. For multiple authors, separate with commas.

How many authors should I list in CSE?

In CSE format, list up to 10 authors. If there are more than 10, list the first 10 followed by "et al." Do not use "and" before the last author name.

How do I abbreviate journal names in CSE?

CSE uses NLM (National Library of Medicine) standard abbreviations for journal names. For example, "Journal of Molecular Biology" becomes "J Mol Biol." Check the NLM Catalog for official abbreviations.

Is this CSE citation generator free?

Yes. CiteMe lets you generate CSE citations for free. Search real academic databases including OpenAlex, PubMed, and Semantic Scholar to find and format scientific references automatically.

What is the difference between CSE and APA?

CSE is designed for natural sciences (biology, ecology) and offers three citation systems, while APA is used in psychology and social sciences with author-date format only. CSE uses no periods in author initials, abbreviates journal names, and does not italicize article titles.

When should I use CSE citation style?

Use CSE when writing for biology, ecology, earth science, or natural science journals and courses. Many scientific publishers specify CSE formatting. Check your assignment guidelines or target journal requirements.

Do I italicize article titles in CSE?

No. In CSE format, article titles are not italicized. Only book titles and journal names may be italicized depending on the publisher. Article titles use sentence case with only the first word and proper nouns capitalized.

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