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Chicago 17th Edition — PubMed & PMC

Chicago Citation Generator for PubMed Articles

Paste a PMID, PMC ID, or PubMed URL to get a Chicago citation with verified metadata. Notes-Bibliography or Author-Date — both supported, DOI included.

Chicago Format for PubMed Articles

Notes-Bibliography (footnote):

First Last, "Article Title," Journal volume, no. issue (Year): page, DOI.

Notes-Bibliography (Bibliography):

Last, First. "Article Title." Journal volume, no. issue (Year): pages. DOI.

Author-Date (Reference list):

Last, First. Year. "Article Title." Journal volume (issue): pages. DOI.

Shortened footnote (subsequent):

Last, "Short Title," page.

Chicago PubMed Citation Examples

Journal article (Notes-Bibliography footnote)

Standard Chicago biomedical footnote format

John Smith and Mary Johnson, "Machine Learning in Healthcare Diagnostics," Nature Medicine 29, no. 4 (2024): 130, https://doi.org/10.1038/example.

Journal article (Bibliography)

Bibliography entry — invert first author

Smith, John, and Mary Johnson. "Machine Learning in Healthcare Diagnostics." Nature Medicine 29, no. 4 (2024): 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1038/example.

Journal article (Author-Date)

Author-Date variant

Smith, John, and Mary Johnson. 2024. "Machine Learning in Healthcare Diagnostics." Nature Medicine 29 (4): 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1038/example.

Open-access PMC article

PMC open-access cites identically — DOI is enough

Williams, Anna. "Climate Change Impacts." Environmental Science 45, no. 2 (2024): 78-95. https://doi.org/10.1234/example.

Shortened footnote (subsequent reference)

After first full citation, shorten to first author + short title + page

Smith and Johnson, "Machine Learning," 142.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you cite a PubMed article in Chicago Notes-Bibliography style?

Footnote: First Last, "Article Title," Journal Name volume, no. issue (Year): pages, DOI. Bibliography: Last, First. "Article Title." Journal Name volume, no. issue (Year): pages. DOI. Always include the DOI from PubMed when available — Chicago 17th edition prefers DOIs over PubMed URLs.

How do you cite a PubMed article in Chicago Author-Date style?

In-text: (Last Year, page). Reference list: Last, First. Year. "Article Title." Journal Name volume (issue): pages. DOI. Author-Date is more common in social-science Chicago papers; for biomedical work most journals prefer Notes-Bibliography or AMA.

Should I use the PMID or DOI in Chicago citations?

Use the DOI. Chicago 17th edition treats DOIs as the durable identifier — format as a URL: https://doi.org/10.xxxx. The PMID is auxiliary and not required by Chicago. CiteMe pulls both from PubMed but renders the DOI in the formatted citation.

How do I cite a PMC (PubMed Central) article in Chicago?

PMC articles cite identically to PubMed articles — use the journal metadata and DOI, not the PMC URL. The PMC ID can be added in brackets if your instructor requires it: ..., DOI [PMC ID].

How do you cite an open-access PubMed article in Chicago?

Open access changes nothing in the citation. Use the standard journal-article format with DOI. Chicago does not require an "open access" label in the reference. The DOI links readers to the published version regardless of access tier.

How do I find the volume and issue number from a PubMed article?

PubMed displays the journal citation line at the top of every record: "J Name. 2024 Mar;29(4):123-145. doi: 10.xxxx". Volume = 29, Issue = 4, Pages = 123-145. CiteMe parses this automatically when you paste the PMID or URL.

How do I cite a Chicago footnote with a shortened reference for a PubMed article?

After the first full citation, use the shortened form: First Last, "Short Title," page. Example: 1. John Smith, "Machine Learning," Nature Medicine 29, no. 4 (2024): 130. 5. Smith, "Machine Learning," 142. Always shorten the title to 4 words or less.

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Cite a PubMed Article in Chicago Style

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