Free Turabian Citation Generator

Turabian is a citation style based on Kate L. Turabian's "A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations." It is a simplified version of the Chicago Manual of Style, designed specifically for students and researchers. The current version is the 9th edition (2018).

Turabian offers two citation systems: (1) Notes-Bibliography (NB), used mainly in humanities, which uses footnotes or endnotes with superscript numbers plus a bibliography; and (2) Author-Date (AD), used mainly in sciences and social sciences, which uses parenthetical in-text citations plus a reference list.

In the Notes-Bibliography system, a superscript number is placed in the text after the relevant passage. The corresponding footnote at the bottom of the page (or endnote at the end of the chapter) provides full bibliographic details on first citation. Subsequent citations of the same source use a shortened form with author last name, shortened title, and page number.

Yes. CiteMe lets you generate Turabian 9th edition citations for free. Search real academic databases including OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef to find and format references automatically.

Turabian is based on the Chicago Manual of Style but simplified for students. Chicago is the comprehensive style guide used by publishers and professional writers. The main differences are that Turabian omits publisher-specific rules (e.g., manuscript preparation for typesetting), focuses on student paper formatting, and provides clearer guidance on thesis/dissertation requirements.

In Notes-Bibliography: Footnote: Author First Last, "Page Title," Website Name, published or modified date, accessed date, URL. Bibliography: Author Last, First. "Page Title." Website Name. Published or modified date. Accessed date. URL.

Use Notes-Bibliography (NB) for humanities disciplines such as history, literature, philosophy, and the arts. Use Author-Date (AD) for sciences and social sciences. Always follow your instructor's or department's requirements, as preferences vary by institution.

The current edition is the 9th edition, published in 2018. It was revised by Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, Joseph Bizup, and William T. FitzGerald, and is aligned with the 17th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style.

The bibliography appears at the end of the paper. Entries are listed alphabetically by author's last name, with a hanging indent (first line flush left, subsequent lines indented). Single-author entries precede multi-author entries beginning with the same name. For the Notes-Bibliography system, the heading is "Bibliography"; for Author-Date, it is "References" or "Reference List."

In the Notes-Bibliography system, yes — you include both footnotes (or endnotes) and a bibliography. The notes provide citation details at the point of reference, while the bibliography gives readers a complete alphabetical list of all sources consulted. Some instructors may allow notes only or bibliography only, so always check assignment requirements.