Free MHRA Referencing Generator
Generate accurate MHRA footnote references instantly. Used by students at UK universities for English, history, languages, and humanities essays.
Why Use Our MHRA Referencing Generator?
Real Academic Databases
Search 250M+ works from OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, PubMed, and CrossRef. Every reference is real and verifiable.
MHRA 3rd Edition Compliant
Formatted according to the MHRA Style Guide, 3rd edition. Proper footnote-bibliography format used by UK humanities departments.
Footnote-Bibliography Format
Get both numbered footnote citations and full bibliography entries. Includes first citation, subsequent citation, and ibid. forms.
Copy & Paste Ready
Footnote and bibliography entries ready to paste directly into your essay, dissertation, or research paper.
MHRA Referencing Examples
Book
Subsequent footnote: Smith, p. 52.
Journal Article
Subsequent footnote: Smith, p. 130.
Website
Examples formatted in MHRA 3rd edition style
MHRA Footnote Formatting
First Footnote (Full)
Complete details on first mention:
1 Virginia Woolf, To the Lighthouse (London: Hogarth Press, 1927), p. 45.Subsequent (Shortened)
Author surname and page only:
5 Woolf, p. 52.Ibid.
Same source as previous footnote:
6 Ibid., p. 60.Reference by Source Type in MHRA
Need help referencing a specific source type? Choose from our specialised MHRA referencing guides.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is MHRA referencing?
MHRA (Modern Humanities Research Association) referencing is a footnote-bibliography citation style used primarily in UK humanities departments. It uses numbered footnotes for in-text citations and a full bibliography at the end. It is now in its 3rd edition.
How is MHRA different from Harvard referencing?
MHRA uses footnotes at the bottom of each page for citations, while Harvard uses parenthetical in-text references like (Smith, 2024). MHRA is standard for UK humanities (English, history, languages), whereas Harvard is used across broader disciplines.
Which universities use MHRA referencing?
MHRA is commonly required at UK universities including Oxford, Cambridge, UCL, Durham, Edinburgh, and many others. It is the standard for English literature, modern languages, history, and classics departments across the UK and Commonwealth.
What is the difference between a footnote and a bibliography entry in MHRA?
In MHRA, footnotes appear at the bottom of the page and include specific page numbers. Bibliography entries appear at the end and list the full page range. Footnotes use forename then surname, while bibliographies invert the first author (Surname, Forename).
Is this MHRA referencing generator free?
Yes! CiteMe offers free MHRA referencing with a generous free tier. Generate references for essays, dissertations, and assignments without paying.
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