Free ASA Citation Generator

ASA (American Sociological Association) is a citation style used in sociology and related social sciences. It follows an author-date in-text citation system and uses a "References" list at the end of the paper. The current standard is the ASA 6th edition Style Guide, published in 2019.

While both use author-date in-text citations, ASA has several key differences: ASA uses full first names (not initials) for authors, article titles are not placed in quotation marks or italics, ASA uses "Retrieved" for online sources with access dates, and page numbers in references are not preceded by "pp." for journal articles.

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In ASA style, use full first names rather than initials: Last Name, First Name. For multiple authors, use "and" before the last author. Example: Wright, Erik Olin and Joel Rogers. In the reference list, invert only the first author's name.

In ASA in-text citations, use "et al." for works with four or more authors (e.g., Smith et al. 2024). In the reference list, list all authors regardless of number. For three authors in-text, list all three on first mention, then use "et al." subsequently.

For websites, include author, year, title (in quotation marks for articles, italics for stand-alone works), the website name, and the URL. Include "Retrieved" with the access date if the content may change. Example: Smith, John. 2024. "Article Title." Website Name. Retrieved March 15, 2024 (https://example.com).

ASA is based on Chicago style but adapted for sociology. Key differences include: ASA uses full first names while Chicago author-date uses initials, ASA has specific rules for sociological content like census data and legal citations, and ASA has stricter rules about using "Retrieved" for online sources.

Very accurate. We search real academic databases (OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, CrossRef) and format citations according to official ASA 6th edition guidelines. Unlike AI chatbots, we never generate fake citations.

Yes. ASA references use a hanging indent where the first line is flush left and subsequent lines are indented. This is the same format used by APA and Chicago styles. The reference list is alphabetized by the first author's last name.

When no author is available, begin the reference with the title. For in-text citations, use a shortened version of the title in place of the author name. For organizational authors, use the full organization name.