Mistakes Checklist

Common MLA Book Citation Mistakes

Published studies report citation/reference error rates between 25-54%. Use this page to catch the most frequent formatting failures before submission.

Top mistakes to avoid

  • Using sentence case instead of title case
  • Forgetting page numbers in in-text citations
  • Including city of publication (not required in MLA 9)
  • Putting the title in quotation marks

Wrong vs correct examples

Sentence case instead of title case

Wrong

Gladwell, Malcolm. *Outliers: the story of success.* Little, Brown, 2008.

Correct

Gladwell, Malcolm. *Outliers: The Story of Success.* Little, Brown, 2008.

MLA uses title case (capitalize all major words). This is different from APA which uses sentence case.

Missing page numbers in citation

Wrong

(Gladwell)

Correct

(Gladwell 45)

MLA in-text citations should include page numbers when citing specific passages. Omit only for general references to entire work.

Including city of publication

Wrong

Gladwell, Malcolm. *Outliers.* New York: Little, Brown, 2008.

Correct

Gladwell, Malcolm. *Outliers.* Little, Brown, 2008.

MLA 9 no longer requires the city of publication. This changed from earlier editions.

Mistake frequency snapshot

Missing page numbers in in-text citation55%
Using sentence case for titles42%
Including city of publication31%
Putting title in quotes instead of italics25%
Using ampersand instead of "and"19%

Fix checklist

  • Italicize the book title
  • Use title case for all major words
  • Include page numbers in in-text citations
  • Do not include the publisher location

Frequently asked questions

How do I cite a book with two authors in MLA?

List the first author last name first, then "and" and the second author in normal order: Smith, John, and Jane Doe. Title. Publisher, Year.

How do I cite an e-book in MLA?

Add the e-book format or platform at the end: Author. Title. Publisher, Year. Kindle ed.

Build the corrected citation now

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